The majority of calcium is stored in bones and teeth. A small amount circulates in the bloodstream and is involved in the production of hormones and enzymes that regulate release of energy, digestion and metabolism of food. Calcium also facilitates the movement of nutrients into cells. The mineral is also involved in nerve cell communication, aids muscle contraction and promotes blood clotting. Current theory suggests that low levels of calcium or a dysfunction in calcium regulation may contribute to a PMS-related hormonal imbalance. Decreased calcium in the blood appears to be linked with rapid increases in oestrogen during the latter part of the menstrual cycle and this may be the key to understanding the role of calcium in PMS. Interestingly, the symptoms or calcium deficiency are almost identical to those associated with PMS.
However, it is too early to give a definitive answer and more research is needed.
Milk and dairy products are the major source of calcium in the average UK diet. For those who are vegan or lactose intolerant soybean products, bread, nuts, dried fruit, sesame seeds, pulses, green leafy vegetables and foods fortified with calcium should be eaten in plentiful amounts to provide the calcium the body needs. |
 |
Magnesium levels fluctuate during the menstrual cycle and its muscle relaxing effects may help to alleviate symptoms of PMS. However, the little research intended to test how effective it is has not been well designed and is therefore inconclusive.
Evening Primrose Oil is another popular remedy for PMS symptoms. This supplement contains gamma-linolenic acid, which is converted by our bodies into hormone-like substances, known as prostaglandins. Prostaglandins are chemicals that help to regulate pain and inflammation. Although used by many, studies found it to be no more effective than the placebo.
Agnus castus fruit extract may be an effective remedy. In one study women with PMS tested the supplement for three menstrual cycles and over half reported a 50% improvement in their symptoms. It’s not clear how the extract works but is may affect the chemicals in the brain that are deficient during PMS.
4 of 5
See Also:
